A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A AO to A6 - trimmed paper sizes in the ISO international paper size range. ALIGNMENT - horizontal position of type to place characters in line and/or regulation of typesetting to range lines of characters within a column boundary. AMPERSAND - type character (&) ART - a paper coated with china clay and size to leave a very smooth surface. Finish can be matt or gloss. ARTWORK - final copy/material (normally supplied mounted on board to avoid creasing) ready for scanning, or for plate making with any special colour separation instructions marked-up on an attached overlay. ASCENDER - the top part of a lower case letter that rises above the x-height e.g. upper stroke in 'h'. B back to the top BO to B6 - trimmed paper sizes in the ISO international paper size range (larger than A sizes). BANK - lightweight papers (under 60 gsm) BLANKET - drum covered with rubber surface in an off-set litho press which transfers the ink/image from the plate to the paper. BLEED - printed area outside of final trim marks. Bleed printing achieves a clean edge where colour is run to the full height or width of page. BLIND EMBOSSING - a relief design stamped/pressed into paper without ink. BOLD FACE - type thicker than normal type. BOND - heavier papers often used for letterhead. BRE - Business Reply Envelope. BROMIDE - photographic paper used in reproduction and phototypesetting on which an opaque image is created (as opposed to film). Can be positive or negative. BULK - degree of thickness of paper. BULLS EYE - printing defect caused by a foreign particle holding the paper away from the inked printing surface. C back to the top CAPS - capital letters. CHOKE - small increase to inside edge, usually applied to a lighter colour enclosing a darker colour, to force an overlap. A form of trapping. CICERO - typesetting unit of measure. CMYK - short term for four colour process referring to Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Key (Black). CMY are "subtractive" colours (100% values of each equate to black). See RGB. COLLATE - sort separate pages into correct sequence. COLOUR SEPARATION - separation of copy or artwork into the four process colours. CONCERTINA - alternating folds in a single sheet. CONTINUOUS STATIONERY - generally used on computer printers, where each sheet is joined to the next. CROMALIN - an off-press proof (made direct from the film separations). See Matchprint. CUTOUT - area/shape removed from within trim area. Image without a background. CUTTER - used to cut pre-determined shapes in paper. CYAN - one of the 4 process colours ("Blue"). D back to the top DESCENDER - part of a lower case letter that falls below the base-line of the character e.g. lower stroke in 'p". DOT GAIN - enlargement of half-tone dot during printing which needs to be allowed for in reproduction. DPI - Dots Per Inch, Measure of resolution, i.e. how many separate dots a printing device can produce per linear inch. DUO-TONE - two colour halftone produced from a single colour original to produce a subtly coloured image. DYE-SUBLIMATION - a one-off printing process transferring process colour dyes instead of ink to achieve realistic colour portrayal. See Iris and Rainbow 3M. E back to the top EM - a unit of measure exactly the same width and height as the point size. The name derives from the character "M" which was cast on a square face in early fonts. EMBOSS - raised lettering or impression rising above the flat paper/material. EN - half the width of an EM (see above). EPS - file format used for images and graphics - short for Encapsulated Postscript File. EXTRA BOLD - extra thick character strokes. F back to the top FILM - copy supplied as separation film for plate-making. FIT - refers to exact register of each colour used on film, proof or plate. FOOLSCAP - paper measuring 13 by 8 inches. FORMAT - physical size, dimensions and general production requirements. FULL COLOUR - four colour process print using Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (CMYK). G back to the top GATEFOLD - page in magazine which folds out. GLOSS ART - shiny art paper (as opposed to matt art). GRAVURE - process where the printing areas are below the non-printing surface. The recesses are filled with ink and the surplus is cleaned off with a blade before the paper contacts the whole surface and lifts the ink from the recesses. Generally used for very large print runs. GSM - short for "grams per square metre", defining the weight of paper. GUTTER - the inner, binding margin of a book, or space between printed areas. H back to the top HALFTONE - illustration created by dots of varying size, resulting in the appearance of continuous tone. IMAGESETTER - high resolution output printer used for producing bromide, final film or even plates containing graphics, text and scanned images (e.g. Linotron). INSERT (Loose/Bound-in/Tip-in, etc.) - a page, booklet, or other item inserted into a magazine which is not printed as part of it. Usually pre-printed, can be inserted either loose, bound into the spine, or stuck onto a page of the publication. IRIS - manufacturer name for a colour proofing system which produces finished image straight from computer (i.e. without separation film). See Dye-Sublimation. ITALICS - version of type font with sloping characters. J back to the top JUSTIFY - spacing words to a predetermined width. K back to the top KERNING - spacing letters of a word so that they are either closer together or further apart. KEYLINE - used as a positioning guide for placement of an image or tint - and can be printed or deleted before printing. L back to the top LAID - a form of paper with marks through the paper, as opposed to wove which is smooth. LASER - fine beam of light used in printing, pnorosemng diii scanning. LEADING - spacing between lines of text, depth of which measured in points. LITHO - lithography. A method of printing whereby the ink transferred from a chemically treated flat plate to paper. Can be direct or off-set, sheet or web-fed. LOWER CASE - small letters as opposed to capitals. LPI - lines per inch (see DPI). Measurement of definition ( halftone screen to be applied.) M back to the top MAGENTA - one of the 4 process colours ("Red"). MATCHPRINT - an off-press proof (made direct from the film separations). See Cromalin. MATT ART - dull finished paper (as opposed to gloss art). MICRON - 1/millionth of a metre, 1/thousandth of a millimetre. MINDER - print machine operator. MOIRE - undesired pattern on scanned image resulting from incorrect use of screen. MONOCHROME - single colour. N back to the top NCR - "No Carbon Required". Paper impregnated with dye which transfers image to sheet below. NEGATIVE - film with image in reverse. O back to the top ORIGINATION - all the processes involved in the reproduction (Repro) of all copy/material up to platemaking. ORPHAN - single word on a line at end of a paragraph. OVERLAY - transparent sheet with captions or instruction covering printed image. P back to the top PAGEMAKER - desktop publishing application which runs from Windows. PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM (PMS) - colour matching system specifying ink mixes to achieve consistent colour. PERFORATE (PERF) make series of holes in order to ensure straight-line tear. PICA - 1/6", 12 point, standard unit of print measure. PLATE - printing plate carrying inked image. POSITION GUIDE - marked-up copy of the artwork specifying where images need to be placed. POSITIVE - film with image resembling original. PRE-PRESS - film and plate-making operations. PRESS - printing machine. PROCESS COLOUR - 4 standard colours used in full colour print (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black). PROGRESSIVES - proofs taken from each plate to demonstrate build up of colour in a print run. PROOF - printed sheet for checking type and colours. R back to the top RAINBOW 3M - a proofing system. See Dye-Sublimation. REAM - 500 sheets of paper. REGISTER - exact position of overlaid film separations c printed colours to achieve sharp image. REPRO-HOUSE - company specialising in production C plate-making and/or film for printers. RESOLUTION - definition of image by number of dots. More dots per inch mean higher resolution. RGB - Red, Green, Blue: These are "additive" colours (100~, of each produce white). See CMYK. RIVER - white line/area appearing in consecutive lines of SE type as result of letter-space alignment or gaps in text S back to the top SADDLE-STITCH - a form of binding a publication by stapling the spine. SANS-SERIF - no cross-line finishes to letter strokes. SEAL - varnish to protect printed, coloured image. SEPARATIONS (SEPS) - series of films (pos or neg.) corresponding to each colour to be used. SERIF - cross-line finish to the strokes of a letter. SHEET-FED - printer or press fed with single sheets of paper, rather than a roll of paper (see Web Offset). SHEETWORK - to print each side of the sheet from a separate set of plates, as distinct from work and turn. SMALLCAPS - small capital letters the size of lower case. SPECIAL COLOUR - a printing ink colour mixed specially for a job rather than made out of the process colour set. SPOT COLOUR - each single additional colour. SPREAD - small increase to outside edge, usually applied to a lighter colour enclosed by a darker colour, to force an overlap. A form of trapping. Also: two facing pages in book or magazine. STEPCUT - pages trimmed to different heights. STET - proof readers instruction meaning "ignore the marked correction". T back to the top THROW-OUT - a page which folds out of a book or magazine to a larger size than the book trim. TIFF - computer file format used for colour and mono images and graphics - short for Tagged Image File Format TINT - percentage of a solid colour. TINT LAYING - using films and screens to create a mechanical shading. TIP-IN - a method of gluing or sticking on a burster or insert in a publication. TRACKING - proportional spacing between letters. TRAPPING - control of overlap where different colours touch or abut. See Choke and Spread. TRANSPARENCY - positive (usually colour) photograph on transparent film for viewing with transmitted light TRIM - the actual size of the finished page when cut TRIM MARKS - cutting guides marked outside intended print area to establish the final size of the page. TYPESET - produced by typesetting process, not type-written or hand-written. TYPOGRAPHY - defining the form of typeface and style and format of text U back to the top ULTRA VIOLET VARNISH (UV) - high gloss varnish dried by exposure to UV light. V back to the top VARNISH - to apply an oil, water or synthetic varnish to printed matter to enhance appearance. Can be applied to specific areas (spot). VIGNETTE - a graduated tint. W back to the top WEB-OFFSET - reel-fed offset litho printing. WET-PROOF - proof produced from final plates on intended paper showing exact colour reproduction. WIDOW - a single word carried on from a paragraph which appears in the next column or on the next page. WORK AND TURN/WORK AND TUMBLE - printing on both sides of a sheet from a single set of plates. WOVE - paper with smoother, more uniform finish than laid paper. X back to the top X-HEIGHT - the main body of a lower-case character without ascenders or descenders. Y back to the top YELLOW - one of the 4 process colours.